Inwardly rectifying K+ (Kir) channels allow K+ to move more easily into rather than out of the
cell. They have diverse physiological functions depending on their type and their location …

G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels hyperpolarize neurons in
response to activation of many different G protein-coupled receptors and thus control the …

The κ-opioid receptor (KOR) represents a highly desirable therapeutic target for treating not
only pain but also addiction and affective disorders. However, the development of KOR …

This review addresses the localized regulation of voltage-gated ion channels by
phosphorylation. Comprehensive data on channel regulation by associated protein kinases …

N-and C-terminal cytoplasmic domains of inwardly rectifying K (Kir) channels control the ion-
permeation pathway through diverse interactions with small molecules and protein ligands …

The heterotrimeric G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) represent the largest and most
diverse family of cell surface receptors and proteins. GPCR are widely distributed in the …

Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins accelerate GTP hydrolysis by Gα subunits
and thus facilitate termination of signaling initiated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) …

G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK/Kir3) channels exert a critical inhibitory
influence on neurons. Neuronal GIRK channels mediate the G protein-dependent …

G proteins transmit a variety of extracellular signals into intracellular responses. The Gα and
Gβγ subunits are both known to regulate effectors. Interestingly, the Gα subunit also …

Stimulated muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M2Rs) release Gβγ subunits, which slow
heart rate by activating a G protein-gated K+ channel (GIRK). Stimulated β2 adrenergic …