Hemodialysis (HD) patients are at high risk for all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular
events. In addition to traditional risk factors, excessive oxidative stress (OS) and chronic …

The potential involvement of sympathetic overactivity has been neglected in this population
despite accumulating experimental and clinical evidence suggesting a crucial role of …

The overall production of nitric oxide (NO) is decreased in chronic kidney disease (CKD)
which contributes to cardiovascular events and further progression of kidney damage. There …

Overcome the toughest clinical challenges in nephrology with the new 9th edition of
Brenner/Rector's The Kidney! A brand-new editorial team of Drs. Maarten W. Taal, Glenn M …

Cellular injury or organ dysfunction from oxidative stress occurs when reactive oxygen
species (ROS) accumulate in excess of the host defense mechanisms. The deleterious effect …

Much evidence indicates increased sympathetic nervous activity (SNA) in renal disease.
Renal ischemia is probably a primary event leading to increased SNA. Increased SNA often …

Total nitric oxide production is low in patients with chronic renal disease. Background A
deficiency of the endogenous vasodilator nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated as a …

In patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), atherosclerosis is a major cause of
cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Generally, atherosclerosis has been associated with …

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical syndrome that is related to high morbidity and
mortality. Oxidative stress, including the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) …

The cause of uremic bleeding has been the subject of a major debate in the last 30 years.
The pathogenesis is considered multifactorial (Table 1); however, platelet-platelet and …