Abiotic stress is a primary threat to fulfill the demand of agricultural production to feed the
world in coming decades. Plants reduce growth and development process during stress …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are endogenously produced by several plant organelles
and compartments, particularly those with high electron transport rates, such as chloroplasts …

Studies with model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana have revealed that phytohormones
are central regulators of plant defense. The intricate network of phytohormone signaling …

Carotenoids are isoprenoid compounds synthesized by all photosynthetic and some non‐
photosynthetic organisms. They are essential for photosynthesis and contribute to many …

As sessile organisms, plants have developed specific mechanisms that allow them to rapidly
perceive and respond to stresses in the environment. Among the evolutionarily conserved …

The constant struggle between plants and microbes has driven the evolution of multiple
defense strategies in the host as well as offense strategies in the pathogen. To defend …

Plants can develop an enhanced defensive capacity in response to infection by arbuscular
mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). This 'mycorrhiza-induced resistance'(MIR) provides systemic …

Most classical plant hormones are also produced by pathogenic and symbiotic fungi. The
way in which these molecules favour the invasion of plant tissues and the development of …

Rice feeds more than half of the world's population. Rice blast, caused by the fungal
pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, and bacterial blight, caused by the bacterial pathogen …

Plants are constantly threatened by a wide array of microbial pathogens. Pathogen invasion
can lead to vast yield losses and the demand for sustainable plant-protection strategies has …