Enzyme-based chemical biosensors are based on biological recognition. In order to
operate, the enzymes must be available to catalyze a specific biochemical reaction and be …

Abstract l-lactate is a major analyte in the food industry, bioprocess engineering, sports
medicine and clinical care unit. l-lactate detection by standard analytical techniques is …

Abstract Lactic acid (2-Hydroxypropanoic acid) is generated from pyruvic acid under
anaerobic condition in skeletal muscles, brain, red blood cells, and kidney. Lactate in normal …

Biosensors can measure nonpolar molecules, which is not possible by other conventional
devices. These sensors provide high specificity and fast response time. During COVID-19 …

L-lactic acid (LA) is an essential compound in the winemaking process; furthermore, it is
considered a significant biomarker for the diagnosis of a wide range of diseases, including …

Fifty-five years have passed and more than 100,000 articles have been published since the
first report of an electrochemical enzyme biosensor. However, very few biosensors have …

Due to the emergence of nanomaterials, enzymatic biosensors have achieved fast and
unprecedented development in biomedicine, agriculture, food and other fields. Recently, an …

In the course of evolution, nature has endowed humans with systems for the recognition of a
wide range of tastes with a sensitivity and selectivity which are indispensable for the …

Electrochemical biosensors based on immobilized enzymes are among the most popular
and commercially successful biosensors. The literature in this field suggests that …

Biosensors have become a key research domain owing to their potential applications in
numerous areas, such as food and water safety, human health management, and …