The main breakthrough in tumor immunotherapy was the discovery of immune checkpoint
(IC) proteins, which act as a potent suppressor of the immune system by a myriad of …

Accumulating evidence shows that cellular and acellular components in tumor
microenvironment (TME) can reprogram tumor initiation, growth, invasion, metastasis, and …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and ever-changing “rogue organ”
composed of its own blood supply, lymphatic and nervous systems, stroma, immune cells …

Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy has become a promising therapeutic
strategy with encouraging therapeutic outcomes due to their durable anti-tumor effects …

Cancer is considered one of the leading causes of death, with a growing number of cases
worldwide. However, the early diagnosis and efficient therapy of cancer have remained a …

New insights into the field of iron metabolism within the tumor microenvironment have been
uncovered in recent years. Iron promotes the production of reactive oxygen species, which …

The development and progression of cancer depends on both tumor micro-and
macroenvironments. In addition, psychosocial and spiritual “environments” might also affect …

The application of evolutionary and ecological principles to cancer prevention and
treatment, as well as recognizing cancer as a selection force in nature, has gained impetus …

Adipocytes are a type of stromal cell found in numerous different tissues that serve an active
role in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer‑associated adipocytes (CAAs) display a …

Immunology is central to contemporary biology and medicine, but it also provides novel
philosophical insights. Its most significant contribution to philosophy concerns the …