To coordinate, adapt and respond to biological signals, cells convey specific messages to
other cells. An important aspect of cell–cell communication involves secretion of molecules …

Intercellular communication is a key feature of cancer progression and metastasis.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are generated by all cells, including cancer cells, and recent …

Integrins are considered the main cell-adhesion transmembrane receptors that play
multifaceted roles as extracellular matrix (ECM)-cytoskeletal linkers and transducers in …

Exosomes are nanoparticles secreted by all cell types and are a large component of the
broader class of nanoparticles termed extracellular vesicles (EVs). Once secreted …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading chronic liver disease worldwide. Its
more advanced subtype, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), connotes progressive liver …

Apoptosis is a naturally occurring process generating plenty of apoptotic vesicles (apoVs),
but the feature, fate and function of apoVs remain largely unknown. Notably, as an …

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are the two major
types of chronic liver disease worldwide. Inflammatory processes play key roles in the …

Cellular senescence is characterized by an irreversible cell cycle arrest as well as a pro‐
inflammatory phenotype, thought to contribute to aging and age‐related diseases …

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized cancer therapeutics. Desmoplastic
malignancies, such as cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), have an abundant tumor immune …

Extracellular vesicles are membrane-bound vesicles containing proteins, lipids, RNAs and
microRNAs. They can originate from both healthy and stressed cells, and provide a …