The interaction between academic language and academic content continues to challenge
teachers, researchers, and policy makers. As early as the 1980's Cummins (1986), Skutnabb …

This chapter provides the young language learners' characteristics in relation to the
development and use of English language proficiency (ELP) assessments. It describes a few …

The intended ultimate effect of the mandated assessment of English language learner (ELL)
students is their successful academic achievement in US public schools. Information yielded …

In the first part of the article, I briefly survey the major theoretical frameworks proposed and
empirical approaches adopted in recent research on academic language. While mastery of …

Language program evaluation is a pragmatic mode of inquiry that illuminates the complex
nature of language‐related interventions of various kinds, the factors that foster or constrain …

At the core of contemporary US language education policy is the dichotomous dividing of
bilingual students into English Learners (ELs) who are entitled to extra support and non-ELs …

The education, standards impacting movement English has become teaching omnipresent
and learning in in contemporary second and education, impacting English teaching and …

This article explores the development of a guidance document titled the “Framework for
Equitable Instruction”(Framework), which aims to support multilingual students' content-area …

The educational rights of students learning English as an additional language have been
federally protected for over 40 years. Since the landmark case of Lau v. Nichols (1974) …

Assessment for young learners (defined as children aged 3–12) requires special
consideration in defining constructs, designing assessment formats and procedures, and …