The extraordinary success of mRNA vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
has renewed interest in mRNA as a means of delivering therapeutic proteins. Early clinical …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a diverse class of lipid bilayer membrane vesicles
released by both animal and plant cells. These ubiquitous vesicles are involved in …

Quercetin, a naturally non-toxic flavonoid within the safe dose range with antioxidant, anti-
apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties, plays an important role in the treatment of aging …

Systemic messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery to organs outside the liver, spleen, and lungs
remains challenging. To overcome this issue, we hypothesized that altering nanoparticle …

The success of messenger RNA therapeutics largely depends on the availability of delivery
systems that enable the safe, effective and stable translation of genetic material into …

Exosomes are cell-secreted nanoparticles (generally with a size of 30–150 nm) bearing
numerous biological molecules including nucleic acids, proteins and lipids, which are …

Exosomes are the phospholipid-membrane-bound subpopulation of extracellular vesicles
derived from the plasma membrane. The main activity of exosomes is cellular …

Nanomaterial (NM) delivery to solid tumors has been the focus of intense research for over a
decade. Classically, scientists have tried to improve NM delivery by employing passive or …

Background Many eukaryote cells produce membrane-enclosed extracellular vesicles (EVs)
to establish cell-to-cell communication. Plant-derived EVs (P-EVs) contain proteins, RNAs …

Immunotherapy has gained increasing focus in treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
(PDAC), since conventional therapies like chemotherapy could not provide satisfactory …