The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology
and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The …

Cardiac fibrosis is a common pathophysiologic companion of most myocardial diseases,
and is associated with systolic and diastolic dysfunction, arrhythmogenesis, and adverse …

Tissue damage and inflammation are important triggers for regeneration and fibrosis. Tissue
damage not only induces inflammation in general, it also determines the type and …

As a greater proportion of patients survive their initial cardiac insult, medical systems
worldwide are being faced with an ever-growing need to understand the mechanisms …

Macrophages regulate tissue regeneration following injury. They can worsen tissue injury by
producing reactive oxygen species and other toxic mediators that disrupt cell metabolism …

Macrophages play critical roles in homeostatic maintenance of the myocardium under
normal conditions and in tissue repair after injury. In the steady-state heart, resident cardiac …

Abstract Purpose of Review In this review, we highlight the most important cellular and
molecular mechanisms that contribute to cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. We also discuss …

Macrophages play a key role in defending against foreign pathogens, healing wounds, and
regulating tissue homeostasis. Driving this versatility is their phenotypic plasticity, which …

Elevated levels of circulating pro‐inflammatory biomarkers in patients with both ischaemic
and non‐ischaemic heart failure (HF) correlate with disease severity and prognosis …

Although chronic inflammation is a central feature of heart failure (HF), the immune cell
profiles differ with different underlying causes. This suggests that for immunomodulatory …