Abstract Motivation The Robinson–Foulds (RF) metric is widely used by biologists, linguists
and chemists to quantify similarity between pairs of phylogenetic trees. The measure tallies …

In the presence of recombination, the evolutionary relationships between a set of sampled
genomes cannot be described by a single genealogical tree. Instead, the genomes are …

Phylogenetic analyses often produce large numbers of trees. Mapping trees' distribution in
“tree space” can illuminate the behavior and performance of search strategies, reveal …

Next-generation sequencing technologies have facilitated new phylogenomic approaches to
help clarify previously intractable relationships while simultaneously highlighting the …

Anticipating species' responses to environmental change is a pressing mission in
biodiversity conservation. Despite decades of research investigating how climate change …

The use of more than one nomenclatural code is becoming increasingly common in some
biological sub-disciplines. To minimize nomenclatural instability, we have decided to …

An unprecedented amount of evidence now illuminates the phylogeny of living mammals
and birds on the Tree of Life. We use this tree to measure the phylogenetic value of data …

Tracking cells as they divide and progress through differentiation is a fundamental step in
understanding many biological processes, such as the development of organisms and …

Organismal anatomy is a hierarchical system of anatomical entities often imposing
dependencies among multiple morphological characters. Ontologies provide a formal and …

The principal animal lineages (phyla) diverged in the Cambrian, but most diversity at lower
taxonomic ranks arose more gradually over the subsequent 500 Myr. Annelid worms seem …