Artificial spin ices consist of nanomagnets arranged on the sites of various periodic and
aperiodic lattices. They have enabled the experimental investigation of a variety of …

Lithographic processing and film growth technologies are continuing to advance, so that it is
now possible to create patterned ferroic materials consisting of arrays of sub-1 μm elements …

We study the thermal relaxation of artificial spin ice with photoemission electron microscopy,
and are able to directly observe how such a system finds its way from an energetically …

Topological phases of spin liquids with constrained disorder can host a kinetics of
fractionalized excitations. However, spin-liquid phases with distinct kinetic regimes have …

Geometric frustration and the ice rule are two concepts that are intimately connected and
widespread across condensed matter. The first refers to the inability of a system to satisfy …

Critical behavior is very common in many fields of science and a wide variety of many-body
systems exhibit emergent critical phenomena. The beauty of critical phase transitions lies in …

Artificial spin ice is a frustrated magnetic two-dimensional nano-material, recently employed
to study variety of tailor-designed unusual collective behaviours. Recently proposed …

Artificial spin ice (ASI) are systems of coupled nanomagnets arranged on a 2D lattice. ASIs
are promising computing substrates due to the rich variety of emergent behavior …

We report FePd 3 as a material for studying thermally active artificial spin ice (ASI) systems
and use it to investigate both the square and kagome ice geometries. We readily achieve …

We have performed a study of thermally driven magnetic relaxation in building blocks of
artificial kagome spin ice. For room-temperature measurements, we observe that low-energy …