Since computing advances in the last 30 years have allowed automated calculation of fractal
dimensions, fractals have been established as ubiquitous signatures of urban form and …

The quest for a theory of cities that could offer a quantitative and systematic approach to
manage cities is at the top priority, given the challenges humanity faces due to the …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) transportation space is one of the most important
characteristics of multi-layered cities; however, fine-scale built environment factors about …

The structural characteristics of an urban road network directly affect the urban road
network's overall function and service level. Because the hierarchical division and layout …

In order to cope with the growing problem of flood disasters, it is crucial to improve the urban
flood resilience. Hence, this paper develops a novel evaluation methodology to find the …

Centrality, which originated from sociology, has been one of the most powerful measures to
describe structural properties of road networks. Among existing road centrality studies, it is …

Road traffic is a major contributor to global carbon dioxide emissions. The impact of urban
road networks and land use on these emissions remains controversial. This study proposed …

Fractal geometry has provided a new perspective for urban road network morphology
research. This study systematically verifies and analyzes the spatial heterogeneity of fractal …

Allometry originally referred to the scaling relationship between the size of a body part and
the size of the whole body when an organism grows. Gradually, researchers introduced it …

As urban areas face rapid population and vehicle growth, understanding system dynamics is
crucial for managing transportation congestion effectively. Utilizing fractal and metabolic …