Among the main components of a smart city, the energy system plays a vital and core role in
the transition towards a sustainable urban life. Furthermore, the utilization of renewable …

Europe anchored aspiring targets in achieving climate neutrality and this motivates the
research communities to analyze, investigate and frame strategies to achieve the goals in …

Recent developments in the building sector, district heating and cooling (DHC) field, and
geothermal technology are reported here, which indicate the trends and efforts to more …

As global urbanisation levels continue to rise, supplying urban areas with low emissions
energy becomes imperative in the fight against climate change. In areas with high demand …

Fourth-generation district heating (4GDH) has been used as a label or expression since
2008 to describe a transition path for decarbonization of the district heating sector and was …

The sustained rapid growth and learning rates displayed by solar PV and wind electricity
generation capacity over recent decades appear to be unprecedented. With these …

As an integrated part of future sustainable energy systems, district heating has been widely
established as a convenient solution to provide energy-efficient space heating and sanitary …

Pursued climate goals require reduced greenhouse gas emissions by substituting fossil
fuels with energy from renewable sources in all energy‐consuming processes. On a large …

District heating networks increasingly rely on heat pumps, condensing biomass boilers, and
excess heat in the transition to sustainable energy systems. Accordingly, district heating …

Research into new advanced district heating concepts has increased since the first four
generations of district heating were defined in 2014. This definition created a common …