Electric fields map from the magnetosphere to the E region ionosphere where they drive the
intense currents of the auroral electrojet. Particularly during geomagnetic storms and …

A general dispersion relation is derived that integrates the Farley‐Buneman, gradient‐drift,
and current‐convective plasma instabilities (FBI, GDI, and CCI) within the same formalism …

Strong thermal emission velocity enhancement (STEVE) is an optical phenomenon of the
subauroral ionosphere arising from extreme ion drift speeds. STEVE consists of two distinct …

Currents flowing in the Earth's ionospheric electrojets often develop Farley-Buneman (FB)
streaming instabilities and become turbulent. The resulting electron density irregularities …

Thermal effects in the ionospheric plasma instabilities including the Farley‐Buneman
instability (FBI), the gradient‐drift instability (GDI), and the ion‐thermal instability (ITI) are …

Abstract Models fail to reproduce observations of the coldest parts of the Sun's atmosphere,
where interactions between multiple ionized and neutral species prevent an accurate MHD …

Global magnetospheric MHD codes using ionospheric conductances based on laminar
models systematically overestimate the cross–polar cap potential during storm time by up to …

For spectra associated with full turbulence the observed mean phase velocity of unstable
Farley‐Buneman waves has been found not to exceed the ion‐acoustic speed, cs. This has …

Radars frequently receive strong returns from naturally occurring plasma density
irregularities centered around 100km altitude in the atmosphere. These E-region …

Stimulated by recent observations described in a companion paper, we have revisited
existing theories of the Farley‐Buneman instability throughout the altitude range 90 to 125 …