Background/Aim: Leptomeningeal metastases (LMs) of the spine have complex
management. We reviewed the literature on spine LMs. Materials and Methods: PubMed …

Leptomeningeal metastases represent an aggressive stage of cancer with few durable
treatment options. Improved understanding of cancer biology, neoplastic reliance on …

Purpose Leptomeningeal metastatic disease (LMD) from advanced malignancies has poor
prognoses and limited treatments. Intrathecal therapy (ITT) protocols are available, showing …

Background/Aim: Intradural cauda equina metastases (ICEM) are rare tumors that reduce
functional status. Surgery and radiation are feasible and effective treatments but may have …

Background Pineal region metastases are rare but often cause severe neurologic deficits.
Surgical resection and chemoradiotherapy can provide therapeutic benefit. We investigated …

Background/Aim: Intradural extramedullary spinal metastases (IESMs) may severely affect
quality-of-life of oncological patients. Several treatments are available but their impact on …

Background Primary central nervous system (CNS) sarcomas represent a heterogeneous
group of rare neoplasms with unclear etiology. Available data on clinical characteristics …

Intracranial metastatic disease (IMD) complicates the course of nearly 2–4% of patients with
systemic cancer. The prevalence of IMD has been increasing over the past few decades …

Background Primary intracranial ependymomas (IE) are rare brain tumors rarely
metastasizing outside the central nervous system. We systematically reviewed the literature …

Breast cancer (BC), owing to its high prevalence, represents one of the leading causes of
women's death worldwide. Due to remarkable progress in therapy directed against this …