Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a class of receptors that can directly recognize the
specific molecular structures on the surface of pathogens, apoptotic host cells, and damaged …

Toxoplasma gondii is known to infect a considerable number of mammalian and avian
species and a substantial proportion of the world's human population. The parasite has an …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play crucial roles in the innate immune system by recognizing
pathogen-associated molecular patterns derived from various microbes. TLRs signal …

The discovery of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) was an important event for immunology research
and was recognized as such with the awarding of the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are fundamental sensor molecules of the host innate immune
system, which detect conserved molecular signatures of a wide range of microbial …

Abstract Families of innate immune receptors serve as the bodies primary defence system
by recognising and rapidly responding to infection by microorganisms or to endogenous …

Early electron microscopy studies revealed the elaborate cellular features that define the
unique adaptations of apicomplexan parasites. Among these were bulbous rhoptry (ROP) …

Studies that bridge innate immunity and various diseases are making rapid advances.
Macrophages and dendritic cells play a leading role in innate immunity, using pattern …

The intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii has long provided a tractable experimental
system to investigate how the immune system deals with intracellular infections. This review …

Dendritic cells (DC) are key regulators of both protective immune responses and tolerance
to self‐antigens. Soon after their discovery in lymphoid tissues by Steinman and Cohn, as …