Purpose The purpose of this study is to estimate inputs (outputs) and flexible measures
when outputs (inputs) are changed provided that the relative efficiency values remain …

Appraising some sustainability indicators for changes of others, or comprehensively
assessing all metrics, while maintaining sustainability performance, is a crucial …

In conventional data envelopment analysis (DEA) models, the efficiency of decision making
units (DMUs) is evaluated while data are precise and continuous. Nevertheless, there are …

In conventional data envelopment analysis (DEA) models, the relative efficiency of decision--
making units (DMUs) is evaluated while all measures with certain input and/or output status …

In classical models of data envelopment analysis, the identification of factors as input or
output factors has been assumed. In the last decade, research on the impact of flexible …

In traditional data envelopment analysis (DEA) models, the relative efficiency of decision
making units (DMUs) is usually evaluated in a particular period of time such that the status of …

In the traditional data envelopment analysis (DEA), the classification of inputs and outputs is
certain. However, in some real-world applications, the role of performance measures as …

In evaluating the performance of production systems, the role of a measure from input and
output aspects is usually certain and known. Nevertheless, there are occasions in the real …

Traditional data envelopment analysis (DEA) models usually evaluate the efficiency scores
of decision making units (DMUs) with precise data from an optimistic point of view where the …