Plant hormones are signalling compounds that regulate crucial aspects of growth,
development and environmental stress responses. Abiotic stresses, such as drought …

Metabolic engineering aims to improve the production of economically valuable molecules
through the genetic manipulation of microbial metabolism. While the discipline is a little over …

Plants are natural experts in organic synthesis, being able to generate large numbers of
specific metabolites with widely varying structures that help them adapt to variable survival …

Protein design has come of age, but how will it mature? In the 1980s and the 1990s, the
primary motivation for de novo protein design was to test our understanding of the …

The intracellular pH (pHi) in organelles, including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum,
lysosomes, and nuclei, differs from the cytoplasmic pH, and thus maintaining the pH of these …

Although many plant cell types are capable of producing hormones, and plant hormones
can in most cases act in the same cells in which they are produced, they also act as …

Tough and self‐healable substrates can enable stretchable electronics long service life.
However, for substrates, it still remains a challenge to achieve both high toughness and …

Over the past century, early advances in understanding the identity of the chemicals that
collectively form a living plant have led scientists to deeper investigations exploring where …

Methods from artificial intelligence (AI) trained on large datasets of sequences and
structures can now" write" proteins with new shapes and molecular functions de novo …

Plant-based biosynthesis of fuels, chemicals, and materials promotes environmental
sustainability, which includes decreases in greenhouse gas emissions, water pollution, and …