Significance: Organisms adapt to changing environments by engaging cellular stress
response pathways that serve to restore proteostasis and enhance survival. A primary …

The ribotoxic stress response (RSR) is a signaling pathway in which the p38-and c-Jun N-
terminal kinase (JNK)–activating mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) …

Stalling of ribosomes engaged in protein synthesis can lead to significant defects in the
function of newly synthesized proteins and thereby impair protein homeostasis …

Impairment of protein translation can cause stalling and collision of ribosomes and is a
signal for the activation of ribosomal surveillance and rescue pathways. Despite clear …

Diverse environmental insults induce the integrated stress response (ISR), which features
eIF2 phosphorylation and translational control that serves to restore protein homeostasis …

Oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) is a persistent anti-proliferative response that acts as
a barrier against malignant transformation. During OIS, cells undergo dynamic remodeling …

During translation, messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are decoded by ribosomes which can stall for
various reasons. These include chemical damage, codon composition, starvation, or …

A longstanding paradox in molecular biology has centered on the question of how very long
proteins are synthesized, despite numerous measurements indicating that ribosomes …

RNase L is an endoribonuclease of higher vertebrates that functions in antiviral innate
immunity. Interferons induce oligoadenylate synthetase enzymes that sense double …

Protein synthesis is essential to support homeostasis, and thus, must be highly regulated
during cellular response to harmful environments. All stages of translation are susceptible to …