Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) has been described in the literature as one of the most debilitating
presentations of orofacial pain. This review summarizes over 150 years of collective clinical …

The fifth cranial nerve is the common denominator for many headaches and facial pain
pathologies currently known. Projecting from the trigeminal ganglion, in a bipolar manner, it …

The diagnostic criteria for small fibre neuropathy are not established, influencing the
approach to patients in clinical practice, their access to disease-modifying and symptomatic …

Central sensitization (CS), simply defined as an amplified response of the central nervous
system to peripheral input, is a concept of great importance in clinical medicine. It has …

Objective To review the clinical entity of primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), its
pathophysiological mechanisms, accurate new diagnostic methods and evidence-based …

Primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is severe, disabling and chronic intraoral pain
condition for which no local or systemic cause can be found and clinical examination is …

The tongue is a complex multifunctional organ that interacts and senses both interoceptively
and exteroceptively. Although it is easily visible to almost all of us, it is relatively …

Abstract Small-fibre neuropathy (SFN), a disorder of thinly myelinated Aδ-fibres and
unmyelinated C-fibres, is clinically characterized by neuropathic pain symptoms and …

Burning mouth syndrome is a debilitating medical condition affecting nearly 1.3 million of
Americans. Its common features include a burning painful sensation in the mouth, often …

Primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic, idiopathic intraoral mucosal pain
condition that is not accompanied by clinical lesions or systemic disease. There is some …