Care and outcomes for the more than 40,000 patients undergoing pediatric and congenital
heart surgery in the United States annually are known to vary widely. While consensus …

Congenital heart defects (CHD) are defects detected both prenatally and after birth. They are
the most common congenital defects. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, CHD …

Background: The arterial switch operation (ASO) is the gold standard operative correction of
neonates with transposition of the great arteries and intact ventricular septum, with excellent …

Background Cardiac catheterization is the gold standard for assessment and follow‐up of
patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). To date, there are limited data about the factors …

Background: Cardiac catheterization is the standard of care procedure for diagnosis, choice
of therapy, and longitudinal follow-up of children and adults with pulmonary hypertension …

Objectives: The authors sought to identify risk factors associated with major adverse events
(MAEs) in infants< 6 kg undergoing transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occlusion …

Background Concern regarding aortic erosion has focused attention on the retro‐aortic rim
in patients undergoing device closure of atrial septal defects (ASD), but its effect on early …

Background The risks and benefits of pharmacologic treatment and operative closure of
patent ductus arteriosus (O-PDA) in premature infants remain controversial. Recent series …

Background Cardiac catheterization is an important but costly component of health care for
young patients with cardiac disease. Measurement of variation in their cost between …

Background Despite excellent operative survival, correction of tetralogy of Fallot frequently is
accompanied by residual lesions that may affect health beyond the incident hospitalization …