Abstract As Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and Internet of Things (IoTs) applications
evolve, the need for robust protocols, capable to guarantee extended lifetime and high …

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of several nodes, distributed in a
geographical region. Limited energy of nodes is the main challenge of WSNs. Hence, it is …

In recent years, due to technology development, applying WSNs has increased, and
consequently, researchers have developed an interest in dealing with the problems of …

Minimization of energy consumption is the main attention of researchers while developing a
routing protocol for wireless sensor networks, as sensor nodes are equipped with limited …

In a sink mobility based Wireless Sensor Network, the sink node moves on a trajectory in the
network region and collects the data of the sensor nodes in the vicinity. Sink mobility …

Energy efficiency is the major concern in hierarchical wireless sensor networks (WSNs),
where the major energy consumption originates from radios for communication. Due to …

Recent studies have revealed that the energy hole problem caused by multi-hop data
collection in a static data collector based wireless sensor network (WSN) is a major threat to …

Border surveillance is indeed one of the most pertinent applications of wireless sensor
networks, primarily used for security purposes such as intrusion detection in border regions …

The hotspot problem is one of the primary challenges in the wireless sensor networks
(WSNs) because it isolates the sink node from the remaining part of the WSN. A mobile sink …

Emerging technologies, such as the Internet of things (IoT), machine learning (ML) and
machine-to-machine networks encourage deployment of large-scale wireless sensor …