The boreal forests of Fennoscandia are largely dominated by Norway spruce and Scots
pine. Conifer monocultures have been favoured in forest management during the last …

Lichens occur in most terrestrial ecosystems; they are often present as minor contributors,
but in some forests, drylands and tundras they can make up most of the ground layer …

We review patterns and processes important for biodiversity in the Fennoscandian boreal
forest, describe man's past and present impact and outline a strategy for conservation …

The forest canopy is fundamentally important in biodiversity conservation and ecosystem
function. Cryptogamic epiphytes are dominant tree bole and canopy elements in temperate …

In Fennoscandia, use of the natural forest as a reference for restoration and management of
forest biodiversity has been widely accepted. However, limited understanding of the …

Although habitat loss and fragmentation are widely regarded as major factors contributing to
the decline of many populations, the relative importance of each phenomenon is seldom …

Changes in the structure and composition of 123 000 ha of boreal forests in Sweden, were
analysed using historical records. These forests had not been commercially logged when …

The beetle (Coleoptera) fauna of old-growth spruce (Picea abies) forest was compared with
that from managed mature and overmature forests in southern Finland. Samples were …

We developed an index of biotic integrity based on bird communities in the central
Appalachians. As one component of the US Environmental Protection Agency …

We studied the effect of habitat fragmentation on the richness, diversity, turnover, and
abundance of breeding bird communities in old, boreal mixed‐wood forest by creating …