Systemic metabolism has to be constantly adjusted to the variance of food intake and even
be prepared for anticipated changes in nutrient availability. Therefore, the brain integrates …

Neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) communicate with peripheral organs largely
via the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Through such communications, the sympathetic …

Sensory neurons relay gut-derived signals to the brain, yet the molecular and functional
organization of distinct populations remains unclear. Here, we employed intersectional …

The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist liraglutide is approved for the
treatment of obesity; however, there is still much to be learned regarding the neuronal sites …

The vagus nerve vitally connects the brain and body to coordinate digestive,
cardiorespiratory, and immune functions. Its efferent neurons, which project their axons from …

Based on the ancient role of oxytocin and its homologues as amplifiers of reproduction we
argue for an evolutionary coupling of oxytocin to signaling pathway which support …

Hindbrain NTS neurons are highly attuned to internal physiological and external
environmental factors that contribute to the control of food intake but the relevant neural …

Objective Conjugated bile acids are metabolised by upper small intestinal microbiota, and
serum levels of taurine-conjugated bile acids are elevated and correlated with insulin …

Precise neural regulation is required for maintenance of energy homeostasis. Essential to
this are the hypothalamic and brainstem nuclei which are located adjacent and supra …

The cephalic phase insulin response (CPIR) is classically defined as a head receptor-
induced early release of insulin during eating that precedes a postabsorptive rise in blood …