Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease involving symmetric joints
and is generally characterized by persistent pain, tenderness, and destruction of joints. The …

Genetic predisposition to multiple sclerosis (MS) only explains a fraction of the disease risk;
lifestyle and environmental factors are key contributors to the risk of MS. Importantly, these …

Access to data is a critical feature of an efficient, progressive and ultimately self-correcting
scientific ecosystem. But the extent to which in-principle benefits of data sharing are realized …

In this tutorial, we provide a broad introduction to the topic of interaction between the effects
of exposures. We discuss interaction on both additive and multiplicative scales using risks …

Type 2 diabetes associates with increased risk of mortality, but how kidney disease
contributes to this mortality risk among individuals with type 2 diabetes is not completely …

Background: Studies examining the nonfatal health outcomes of exposure to air pollution
have been limited by the number of pollutants studied and focus on short-term exposures …

The overall effect of an exposure on an outcome, in the presence of a mediator with which
the exposure may interact, can be decomposed into 4 components:(1) the effect of the …

Authors often do not give sufficient information to draw conclusions about the size and
statistical significance of interaction on the additive and multiplicative scales. To improve …

Ecologists routinely use statistical models to detect and explain interactions among
ecological drivers, with a goal to evaluate whether an effect of interest changes in sign or …

Much medical research is observational. The reporting of observational studies is often of
insufficient quality. Poor reporting hampers the assessment of the strengths and …