In clinical practice, signs of exaggerated tendon tap reflexes associated with muscle
hypertonia are generally thought to be responsible for spastic movement disorders. Most …

The adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) is capable of considerable plasticity,
both in health and disease. After spinal neurotrauma, the degrees and extent of …

Locomotor training is a classic rehabilitation approach utilized with the aim of improving
sensorimotor function and walking ability in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Recent …

Standing and walking require a plethora of sensorimotor interactions that occur throughout
the nervous system. Sensory afferent feedback plays a crucial role in the rhythmical muscle …

Spinal cord injury results in marked modification and reorganization of several reflex
pathways caudal to the injury. The sudden loss or disruption of descending input engenders …

Transcutaneous spinal cord or transspinal stimulation over the thoracolumbar enlargement,
the spinal location of motoneurons innervating leg muscles, modulates neural circuits …

Antispastic medications that are directed to reduce clinical signs of spasticity, such as
exaggerated reflexes and muscle tone, do not improve the movement disorder. Medication …

Controversial findings about the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and
functional electrical stimulation in managing spasticity have been raised after spinal cord …

There is increasing evidence that neuroplastic changes can occur even years after spinal
cord injury, leading to reduced disability and better health which should reduce the cost of …

Neurorecovery from locomotor training is well established in human spinal cord injury (SCI).
However, neurorecovery resulting from combined interventions has not been widely studied …