Compared with living free, the parasitic way of life has many attractions. Parasites create
problems for all animals. Potential hosts can respond by learning to live with parasites …

The environment plays an important role in disease dynamics and in determining the health
of individuals. Specifically, the built environment has a large impact on the prevention and …

Recent efforts to include parasites in food webs have drawn attention to a previously ignored
facet of foraging ecology: parasites commonly function as prey within ecosystems. Because …

For most, the mere mention of lice forces an immediate hand to the head and recollection of
childhood experiences with nits, medicated shampoos, and traumatic haircuts. But for a …

▪ Abstract This review summarizes the literature about pathogens and predators of ticks and
their potential use as biocontrol agents published since the beginning of this century. In …

Given the intimate association in host–parasite systems, parasites are expected to initiate
their own reproduction when vulnerable hosts become abundant and/or when adult hosts …

No other theme in animal biology seems to be more central than the concept of employing
strategies to survive and successfully reproduce. In nature, controlling or avoiding …

Nonhuman primate species spend a conspicuous amount of time grooming during social
interactions, a behaviour that probably serves both social and health-related functions …

Humans are well known for their ability to keep track of social debts over extended periods
of time, and for their tendency to preferentially cooperate with closely bonded partners. Non …

The Smithsonian Venezuela Project (SVP) conducted extensive surveys of mammals and
ectoparasites in the 1960s. The 25 238 individuals and 130 species of bat collected by SVP …