Humans and non-human primates share an elemental quantification system that resides in a
dedicated neural network in the parietal and frontal lobes. In this cortical network,'number …

Assumptions on the neural basis of cognition usually focus on cortical mechanisms. Birds
have no cortex, but recent studies in parrots and corvids show that their cognitive skills are …

Some birds achieve primate-like levels of cognition, even though their brains tend to be
much smaller in absolute size. This poses a fundamental problem in comparative and …

Subjective experiences that can be consciously accessed and reported are associated with
the cerebral cortex. Whether sensory consciousness can also arise from differently …

The problem of consciousness continues to be a subject of great debate in cognitive
science. Synthesizing decades of research, The Conscious Brain advances a new theory of …

One prominent view holds that episodic memory emerged recently in humans and lacks a
“(neo) Darwinian evolution”[Tulving E (2002) Annu Rev Psychol 53: 1–25]. Here, we review …

Comparative studies suggest that at least some bird species have evolved mental skills
similar to those found in humans and apes. This is indicated by feats such as tool use …

In this paper, we review one of the oldest paradigms used in animal cognition: the detour
paradigm. The paradigm presents the subject with a situation where a direct route to the …

If there is one topic on which we all are experts, it is ourselves. Psychologists depend on this
expertise, as asking people questions about themselves is an important means by which …

It is unknown whether anatomical specializations in the endbrains of different vertebrates
determine the neuronal code to represent numerical quantity. Therefore, we recorded single …