While insomnia is the second most common mental disorder, progress in our understanding
of underlying neurobiological mechanisms has been limited. The present review addresses …

The electroencephalography (EEG) sensor has become a prominent sensor in the study of
brain activity. Its applications extend from research studies to medical applications. This …

Sleep disturbances and chronic pain are considered public health concerns. They are
frequently associated, and the direction of its relationship and possible mechanisms …

To understand what makes sleep vulnerable in disease, it is useful to look at how wake-
promoting mechanisms affect healthy sleep. Wake-promoting neuronal activity is inhibited …

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a peculiar neural state that occupies 20–25% of
nighttime sleep in healthy human adults and seems to play critical roles in a variety of …

Sleep is a physiological process involving different biological systems, from molecular to
organ level; its integrity is essential for maintaining health and homeostasis in human …

Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep parasomnias (or NREM parasomnias) are
fascinating disorders with mysterious neurobiological substrates. These conditions are …

Electrophysiology provides a real-time readout of neural functions and network capability in
different brain states, on temporal (fractions of milliseconds) and spatial (micro, meso, and …

In dentistry, bruxism is traditionally considered an oral parafunction characterized by
involuntary grinding and clenching of the teeth. 1, 2 Although this definition describes the …

Even modest sleep restriction, especially the loss of sleep slow wave activity (SWA), is
invariably associated with slower electroencephalogram (EEG) activity during wake, the …