Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are complicated metabolic diseases that affect multiple
organs and are characterized by hyperglycaemia. Currently, stable and effective treatments …

The central nervous system (CNS) receives information from afferent neurons, circulating
hormones, and absorbed nutrients and integrates this information to orchestrate the actions …

Growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is an inflammation-associated hormone with
poorly defined biology. Here, we investigated the role of GDF15 in bacterial and viral …

The two β-arrestins, β-arrestin-1 and-2 (systematic names: arrestin-2 and-3, respectively),
are multifunctional intracellular proteins that regulate the activity of a very large number of …

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is the main site of adaptive thermogenesis and experimental
studies have associated BAT activity with protection against obesity and metabolic diseases …

Over the last years, hypothalamic inflammation has been linked to the development and
progression of obesity and its sequelae. There is accumulating evidence that this …

Astrocytes, microglia, and tanycytes play active roles in the regulation of hypothalamic
feeding circuits. These non-neuronal cells are crucial in determining the functional …

Systemic metabolism has to be constantly adjusted to the variance of food intake and even
be prepared for anticipated changes in nutrient availability. Therefore, the brain integrates …

Sensory neurons relay gut-derived signals to the brain, yet the molecular and functional
organization of distinct populations remains unclear. Here, we employed intersectional …

In recent years, brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been recognized not only as a main site of
non-shivering thermogenesis in mammals, but also as an endocrine organ. BAT secretes a …