The prefrontal cortex (PFC) serves as the chief executive officer of the brain, controlling the
highest level cognitive and emotional processes. Its local circuits among glutamatergic …

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects
approximately 8%–12% of children worldwide. Throughout an individual's lifetime, ADHD …

The primate prefrontal cortex (PFC) subserves our highest order cognitive operations, and
yet is tremendously dependent on a precise neurochemical environment for proper …

Objective: To review the pathophysiology, etiology, and treatment of attention-deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Data Sources and Data Extraction: A literature search was …

OBJECTIVE: This article aims to review basic and clinical studies outlining the roles of
prefrontal cortical (PFC) networks in the behavior and cognitive functions that are …

Current reinforcement-learning models often assume simplified decision processes that do
not fully reflect the dynamic complexities of choice processes. Conversely, sequential …

We review the modulatory effects of the catecholamine neurotransmitters noradrenaline and
dopamine on prefrontal cortical function. The effects of pharmacologic manipulations of …

The brainstem nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) is the primary source of norepinephrine (NE) to
the mammalian neocortex. It is believed to operate as a homogeneous syncytium of …

The symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) involve impairments in
prefrontal cortical top-down regulation of attention and behavior. All current pharmacological …

Foraging theory prescribes when optimal foragers should leave the current option for more
rewarding alternatives. Actual foragers often exploit options longer than prescribed by the …