Although the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) has improved considerably, it is still a
worldwide disease with high morbidity and high mortality. Whilst there is still a long way to …

Besides its role as an energy storage organ, adipose tissue can be viewed as a dynamic
and complex endocrine organ, which produces and secretes several adipokines, including …

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)–derived exosome plays a central role in the cell-free
therapeutics involving MSCs and the contents can be customized under disease-associated …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs), which have the potential for self-renewal, differentiation and de-
differentiation, undergo epigenetic, epithelial-mesenchymal, immunological and metabolic …

An in-depth understanding of immune escape mechanisms in cancer is likely to lead to
innovative advances in immunotherapeutic strategies. However, much remains unknown …

Obesity is a risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases including hypertension,
atherosclerosis, and myocardial infarction. Recent studies aimed at understanding the …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) serve as the body's first line of defense, recognizing both
pathogen-expressed molecules and host-derived molecules released from damaged or …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease worldwide and a leading cause of
disability. Characterized by degradation of articular cartilage, synovial inflammation, and …

The non-canonical Wnt/Ca2+ signaling cascade is less characterized than their canonical
counterpart, the Wnt/b-catenin pathway. The non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways are …

The phenotypic heterogeneity and functional diversity of macrophages confer on them
complexed roles in the development and progression of kidney diseases. After kidney injury …