Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) protein overexpression and/or HER2
gene amplification is found in about 20% of invasive breast cancers. It is a sole predictive …

Learning Objectives Contrast the current strengths and limitations of the three main slide-
based techniques (IHC, FISH, and CISH) currently in clinical use for testing breast cancer …

Introduction: The functions of large noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have remained elusive in
many cases. Metastasis-Associated-in-Lung-Adenocarcinoma-Transcript-1 (MALAT-1) is an …

Resveratrol, extracted from Chinese herbal medicine Polygonum cuspidatum, is known to
inhibit invasion and metastasis of human colorectal cancer (CRC), in which long non-coding …

Abstract Learning Objectives After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Define
the historical background and biological basis of the discovery of the HER-2/neu gene and …

RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful tool to visualize target
messenger RNA transcripts in cultured cells, tissue sections or whole-mount preparations …

Pathway-specific therapy is the future of cancer management. The oncogenic
phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is frequently activated in solid tumors; …

In situ hybridization is a technique that is used to detect nucleotide sequences in cells, tissue
sections, and even whole tissue. This method is based on the complementary binding of a …

Nucleic acid sequence variations have been implicated in many diseases, and reliable
detection and quantitation of DNA/RNA biomarkers can inform effective therapeutic action …

The HER-2/neu oncogene, a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor or erb gene
family, encodes a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor that has been linked to prognosis …