Abstract Aim The “2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure”
replaces the “2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure” and the …

New biomarkers are being evaluated for their ability to advance the management of patients
with heart failure. Despite a large pool of interesting candidate biomarkers, besides …

ABSTRACT Aim The “2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure”
replaces the “2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure” and the …

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is frequently associated with the involuntary loss of body weight
and muscle wasting, which can determine the course of the disease and its prognosis. While …

Background Heart failure is a pathophysiological condition where decreased cardiac output
is observed subsequent to any structural deformity or cessation of normal function. Thiamine …

Frailty is a multisystemic process leading to reduction of physiological reserve and a
reduction in physical activity. Heart failure (HF) is recognised as a global cause of morbidity …

Complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) are commonly used across the world by
diverse populations and ethnicities but remain largely unregulated. Although many CAM …

Cachexia may be caused by congestive heart failure, and it is then called cardiac cachexia,
which leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Cardiac cachexia also worsens skeletal …

Heart failure (HF) is a plague of the aging population in industrialized countries that
continues to cause many deaths despite intensive research into more effective treatments …

Vitamins are a number of chemically unrelated families of organic substances that cannot be
synthesized by humans and are essential in small amounts for normal metabolism. A few …