Zinc (Zn), the second-most necessary trace element, is abundant in the human body. The
human body lacks the capacity to store Zn; hence, the dietary intake of Zn is essential for …

Medical treatments for cancers or other conditions can lead to permanent infertility. Infertility
is an insidious disease that impacts not only the ability to have a biological child but also the …

Spermatogenesis is a highly regulated process that produces sperm to transmit genetic
information to the next generation. Although extensively studied in mice, our current …

As a plasticizer, di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the most usually used phthalate.
Leydig cell is a male-specific cell, which plays a principal role in spermatogenesis and …

Adult Leydig cells develop from undifferentiated mesenchymal-like stem cells (stem Leydig
cells, SLCs) present in the interstitial compartment of the early postnatal testis. Putative …

Androgen deficiency (hypogonadism) affects males of all ages. Testosterone replacement
therapy (TRT) is effective in restoring serum testosterone and relieving symptoms. TRT …

Testicular Leydig cells are the primary source of testosterone in males. Adult Leydig cells
have been shown to arise from stem cells present in the neonatal testis. Once established …

Puberty is characterized by major changes in the anatomy and function of reproductive
organs. Androgen activity is low before puberty, but during pubertal development, the testes …

Cell differentiation and acquisition of specialized functions are inherent steps in events that
lead to normal tissue development and function. These processes require accurate …

Leydig cells (Lc) reside in the interstitial compartment of the testis and are the target of
Luteinising hormone (LH) for Testosterone (T) production, thus critically regulates male …