Cerebral cavernous malformations are acquired vascular anomalies that constitute a
common cause of central nervous system hemorrhage and stroke. The past 2 decades have …

abstract The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly complex and dynamic barrier. It is formed
by an interdependent network of brain capillary endothelial cells, endowed with barrier …

Human pathologies such as vascular malformations, hemorrhagic stroke, and edema have
been associated with defects in the organization of endothelial cell junctions. Understanding …

There are two vascular networks in mammals that coordinately function as the main supply
and drainage systems of the body. The blood vasculature carries oxygen, nutrients …

The innate immune system provides a first line of defense against invading pathogens by
releasing multiple inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor …

Cavernous malformations (CMs) consist of dilated vascular channels that have a
characteristic appearance on MRI. CMs are usually found intracranially, although such …

Endothelial cell–cell junctions regulate vascular permeability, vasculogenesis, and
angiogenesis. Familial cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) in humans result from …

The mammalian striatin family consists of three proteins, striatin, S/G 2 nuclear autoantigen,
and zinedin. Striatin family members have no intrinsic catalytic activity, but rather function as …

The serine/threonine protein phosphatases are targeted to specific subcellular locations and
substrates in part via interactions with a wide variety of regulatory proteins. Understanding …

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM s) are vascular malformations located within the
central nervous system often resulting in cerebral hemorrhage. Pharmacological treatment is …