This study aimed to review published research on authenticity in language assessment.
Based on previous research, we divided authenticity into situational authenticity (similarities …

Routledge Handbooks in Applied Linguistics provide comprehensive overviews of the key
topics in applied linguistics. All entries for the handbooks are specially commissioned and …

The purpose of this study is to understand university language teachers' beliefs about
explicit teaching and authentic materials in second language (L2) listening instruction. Data …

In many ways, the assessment of L2 listening ability is more challenging than the
assessment of the other language skills, and major questions and disagreements exist …

The spoken texts used on high-stakes tests of L2 listening ability are often very different from
the types of spoken language that L2 listeners encounter in real-world contexts. This chapter …

Even after years of study, many second language (L2) learners have difficulty
comprehending proficient speakers in real‐world settings. This difficulty stems partly from …

ABSTRACT L2 test developers often use scripted spoken texts in their L2 listening tests,
because it is efficient and practical to create scripted spoken texts that meet predetermined …

Although the speaking section of the TOEFL iBT® test is used by many universities to
determine if international teaching assistants (ITAs) have the oral proficiency necessary to …

This chapter examines how L2 listening ability has been modeled and operationalized in the
research literature, and provides a critical overview of the dominant models. It also describes …

L2 speaking and listening practice typically involves inauthentic highly scripted learning
experiences that are not reflected in real-world contexts. Seminars represent an unscripted …