Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare and aggressive variant of myeloma characterized by
the presence of circulating plasma cells. It is classified as either primary PCL occurring at …

We provide an overview on soft-tissue extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMPs) in multiple
myeloma (MM). We reviewed the incidence of EMPs in MM, myeloma bone marrow homing …

CXCR4 is a pleiotropic chemokine receptor which acts through its ligand CXCL12 to
regulate diverse physiological processes. CXCR4/CXCL12 axis plays a pivotal role in …

Extramedullary disease of multiple myeloma (EM) remains a treatment challenge even in the
era of new drugs. While many reports analyzing various aspects of EM have been …

Background: Renal impairment (RI) is a common complication of multiple myeloma (MM).
Around 50% of patients with MM have RI at presentation, and up to 5% require dialysis …

Proteasome inhibitors (PI) and immunomodulatory agents (IMID s) have improved the
overall survival (OS) of patients with multiple myeloma (MM), but concerns have been raised …

Immunomodulation is an established treatment strategy in multiple myeloma with
thalidomide and its derivatives lenalidomide and pomalidomide as its FDA approved …

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal disorder of plasma cells that remains, for the most part,
incurable despite the advent of several novel therapeutic agents. Tumor cells in this disease …

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a type of B-cell malignancy that remains incurable to date. The
bone marrow (BM) microenvironment plays a crucial role in MM progression. The …

Simple Summary The SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis plays crucial roles in proliferation, survival,
invasion, dissemination, and drug resistance in multiple myeloma. This review summarizes …