The intestinal mucosa provides a selective permeable barrier for nutrient absorption and
protection from external factors. It consists of epithelial cells, immune cells and their …

Tight junctions (TJs) play an important role in intestinal barrier function. TJs in intestinal
epithelial cells are composed of different junctional molecules, such as claudin and …

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is characterized by the injury, inflammation, and scarring in the
liver owing to excessive alcohol consumption. Currently, ALD is a leading cause for liver …

Intracellular lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli,
Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, and Burkholderia thailandensis activates mouse …

The mammalian gut is inhabited by a massive and complicated microbial community, in
which the host achieves a stable symbiotic environment through the interdependence …

Background Hepatosteatosis is the earliest stage in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty
(NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD). As NAFLD is affecting 10–24% of the general …

Epithelial tight junctions (TJs) are the key structures regulating paracellular trafficking of
macromolecules. The TJ is multi-protein complex that forms a selective permeable seal …

The gastrointestinal epithelium forms the boundary between the body and external
environment. It effectively provides a selective permeable barrier that limits the permeation …

The intestinal epithelium is a single-cell layer that constitutes the largest and most important
barrier against the external environment. It acts as a selectively permeable barrier …

Intestinal barrier dysfunction is an important contributor to alcoholic liver disease (ALD).
Translocated microbial products trigger an inflammatory response in the liver and contribute …