While virtual reality (VR) interfaces have been researched extensively over the last decades,
studies on their application in vehicles have only recently advanced. In this paper, we …

Interaction between drivers and pedestrians is often facilitated by informal communicative
cues, like hand gestures, facial expressions, and eye contact. In the near future, however …

Abstract Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), Mixed Reality, and Extended Reality
(often–misleadingly–abbreviated as XR) are commonly used terms to describe how …

The objective of this study was to investigate pedestrians' informational needs towards self-
driving vehicles (SDVs). Previous research has shown that external human-machine …

An increasing number of studies employ virtual reality (VR) to evaluate interactions between
autonomous vehicles (AVs) and pedestrians. VR simulators are valued for their cost …

Pedestrian safety has emerged recently as a public health challenge worldwide. People are
being physically harmed due to losing focus on their surroundings and putting safety at risk …

In the future, automated cars may feature external human–machine interfaces (eHMIs) to
communicate relevant information to other road users. However, it is currently unknown …

Various car manufacturers and researchers have explored the idea of adding eyes to a car
as an additional communication modality. A previous study demonstrated that autonomous …

With self-driving vehicles (SDVs), pedestrians cannot rely on communication with the driver
anymore. Industry experts and policymakers are proposing an external Human-Machine …

Localisation and navigation of autonomous vehicles (AVs) in static environments are now
solved problems, but how to control their interactions with other road users in mixed traffic …