Abstract Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus; GAS) is exquisitely adapted to
the human host, resulting in asymptomatic infection, pharyngitis, pyoderma, scarlet fever or …

MIS-C is a newly defined post-viral myocarditis and inflammatory vasculopathy of children
following COVID-19 infection. This review summarizes the literature on diagnosis …

The assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome can promote the release of IL-1β/IL-18 and
initiate pyroptosis. Accordingly, the dysregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation is …

Infection is a dynamic biological process underpinned by a complex interplay between the
pathogen and the host. Microbes from all domains of life, including bacteria, viruses, fungi …

Background Brain injury is the leading cause of death and disability in survivors of cardiac
arrest, where neuroinflammation is believed to play a pivotal role, but the underlying …

The human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) envelope protein gp120 is the major
contributor to the pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) …

Infection with the Streptococcus suis (S. suis) epidemic strain can cause Streptococcal toxic
shock-like syndrome (STSLS), which is characterized by a cytokine storm, dysfunction of …

The pathobiont Staphylococcus aureus (Sa) induces nonprotective antibody imprints that
underlie ineffective staphylococcal vaccination. However, the mechanism by which Sa …

The immune system of multicellular organisms protects them from harmful microbes. To
establish an infection in the face of host immune responses, pathogens must evolve specific …

Phosgene (COCl2) was once used as a classic suffocation poison and currently plays an
essential role in industrial production. Due to its high toxicity, the problem of poisoning …