This paper surveys the literature on the economic effects of sanctions on Iran, with a
principal focus on those imposed after 2006. We discuss the challenges of isolating the …

This paper examines the military expenditure (milex) economic growth nexus, in selected
Balkan and peripheral countries from 1990 to 2022, considering the presence of informality …

В статье обсуждается феномен существования теневого сектора в национальных
экономиках под воздействием экономических шоков. На основе международного опыта …

This paper investigates if the complexity of a country's productive structure can help explain
variations in income inequality. We use country panel data on 126 countries from 1995 to …

The assessment of the effect of the informal use of a foreign currency on the corresponding
FX rates toward the national currency is a very difficult task, requiring direct calculation and …

Objective This study investigates the impact of remittances on the shadow economy and
how domestic institutions, particularly property rights, moderate this relationship. Methods …

This paper investigates the evolution of the productive structure around the world and the
role it plays in the difference in inequality levels, using panel data for the period from 1995 to …

This paper investigates the evolution of the productive structure around the world and the
role it plays in the difference in inequality levels, using panel data for the period from 1995 to …

This study builds on the literature on the development impact of international remittances to
examine the effectiveness of using digital government infrastructure (e-government) and …

The use of foreign currencies as partial substitute of national currency is qualified herein as
contributors for a relatively good conduct of the Euro-ALL FX rates. Its effect is considerable …