The etiology of endemic rickets was discovered a century ago. Vitamin D is the precursor of
25-hydroxyvitamin D and other metabolites, including 1, 25 (OH) 2D, the ligand for the …

Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mass and
microarchitectural deterioration of the bone tissue, leading to reduced bone strength and …

Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH) D)< 50 nmol/L or 20 ng/mL) is
common in Europe and the Middle East. It occurs in< 20% of the population in Northern …

Background: Classically, vitamin D has been implicated in bone health by promoting
calcium absorption in the gut and maintenance of serum calcium and phosphate …

Background This paper reports results from the 5th International Conference “Controversies
in Vitamin D” that was held in Stresa, Italy, 15–18 September 2021. The conference is part of …

Many studies have been published describing the vitamin D status in different populations,
most of them in individual countries. Vitamin D status is assessed by measuring 25 …

Vitamin D status and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency have been
addressed in many studies covering all continents. Vitamin D deficiency, when serum 25 …

The past decade, particularly the last 18 months, witnessed a vigorous increase in interest in
vitamin D from both the lay and biomedical worlds. Much of the growing interest in vitamin D …

The main effect of the active vitamin D metabolite 1, 25 (OH) 2D is to stimulate the
absorption of calcium from the gut. The consequences of vitamin D deficiency are secondary …

The interest in vitamin D continues unabated with thousands of publications contributing to a
vast and growing literature each year. It is widely recognized that the vitamin D receptor …