As the only blood vessels that can directly be seen in the whole body, pathological changes
in retinal vessels are related to the metabolic state of the whole body and many systems …

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool in the field of ophthalmology,
revolutionizing disease diagnosis and management. This paper provides a comprehensive …

Failure to recognize samples from the classes unseen during training is a major limitation of
artificial intelligence in the real-world implementation for recognition and classification of …

Background Patients with high myopia have an increased lifetime risk of complications. The
prevalence patterns of high myopia in children and adolescents in southern China are …

Importance Anomaly detectors could be pursued for retinal diagnoses based on artificial
intelligence systems that may not have access to training examples for all retinal diseases in …

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative retinal disease that affects premature
infants and causes permanent blindness if left untreated. Automated retinal diagnosis from …

In today's world, ocular diseases have become widespread. The “ocular illness” refers to any
abnormality, impairment, or dysfunction of vision that impacts the eye. The most common …

Generative AI has revolutionized medicine over the past several years. A generative
adversarial network (GAN) is a deep learning framework that has become a powerful …

We sought to establish an unsupervised algorithm with a three–dimensional (3D) variational
autoencoder model (VAE) for the detection of abnormal extraocular muscles in small …

Aims To develop an algorithm to classify multiple retinal pathologies accurately and reliably
from fundus photographs and to validate its performance against human experts. Methods …