The target of rapamycin (TOR), discovered 30 years ago, is a highly conserved
serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a central role in regulating cell growth and …

Ubiquitination, an important type of protein posttranslational modification (PTM), plays a
crucial role in controlling substrate degradation and subsequently mediates the “quantity” …

Autophagy, originally found in liver experiments, is a cellular process that degrades
damaged organelle or protein aggregation. This process frees cells from various stress …

The revival of interest in cancer cell metabolism in recent years has prompted the need for
quantitative analytical platforms for studying metabolites from in vivo sources. We …

S phase kinase-associated protein 1 (SKP1)–cullin 1 (CUL1)–F-box protein (SCF) ubiquitin
ligase complexes use a family of F-box proteins as substrate adaptors to mediate the …

Dynamic modulation and posttranslational modification of proteins are tightly controlled
biological processes that occur in response to physiological cues. One such dynamic …

Macroautophagy/autophagy plays an important role during the development of human
cancer. BECN1 (beclin 1), a core player in autophagy regulation, is downregulated in many …

Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenol that has a beneficial effect on health, and
resveratrol-induced autophagy has been suggested to be a key process in mediating many …

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) senses nutrients and growth factors to
coordinate cell growth, metabolism and autophagy. Extensive research has mapped the …

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a conserved protein kinase involved in a
multitude of cellular processes including cell growth. Increased mTOR activation is observed …