Innate immunity is the first defense system against invading pathogens. Toll-like receptors
(TLRs) are well-defined pattern recognition receptors responsible for pathogen recognition …

Autophagy is a quality-control, metabolic, and innate immunity process. Normative
autophagy affects many cell types, including hematopoietic as well as non-hematopoietic …

Mitochondria have recently emerged as key drivers of inflammation associated with cell
death. Many of the pro-inflammatory pathways activated during cell death occur upon …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication and host
immune response determine coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but studies evaluating …

The pandemic of COVID-19 has posed an unprecedented threat to global public health.
However, the interplay between the viral pathogen of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, and host …

The detection of pathogens through nucleic acid sensors is a defining principle of innate
immunity. RNA-sensing and DNA-sensing receptors sample subcellular compartments for …

The study of innate immunity and its link to inflammation and host defense encompasses
diverse areas of biology, ranging from genetics and biophysics to signal transduction and …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19), a rapidly evolving pandemic worldwide with at least 68 million …

Zinc is an essential trace element that is crucial for growth, development, and the
maintenance of immune function. Its influence reaches all organs and cell types …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by the loss
of motor neurons from the brain and spinal cord. The ALS community has made remarkable …