Under normal physiological conditions the brain primarily utilizes glucose for ATP
generation. However, in situations where glucose is sparse, eg, during prolonged fasting …

Ketone body metabolism is a central node in physiological homeostasis. In this review, we
discuss how ketones serve discrete fine-tuning metabolic roles that optimize organ and …

Sarcopenia, an age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and function, dramatically
affects the quality of life. Although there is a consensus that sarcopenia is a multifactorial …

Background and aims: Currently there is considerable interest in ketone metabolism owing
to recently reported benefits of ketosis for human health. Traditionally, ketosis has been …

3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB) as a very important metabolite occurs in animals, bacteria and
plants. It is well known that in animals, 3-HB is formed as a product of the normal metabolism …

The ketone bodies (KBs) β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate are important alternative
energy sources for glucose during nutrient deprivation. KBs synthesized by hepatic …

Introduction• Free radical scavenging‐Scavenging superoxide and other ROS‐Scavenging
hydroxyl radical and other ROS‐Stable radical scavenging• Metal ion (Fe2+, Fe3+, Cu2+ …

Ketone bodies are metabolized through evolutionarily conserved pathways that support
bioenergetic homeostasis, particularly in brain, heart, and skeletal muscle when …

There is growing evidence that ketone bodies, which are derived from fatty acid oxidation
and usually produced in fasting state or on high-fat diets have broad neuroprotective effects …

The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat low-carbohydrate diet that has been used for decades
as a non-pharmacologic approach to treat metabolic disorders and refractory pediatric …