The field of cAMP signaling is witnessing exciting developments with the recognition that
cAMP is compartmentalized and that spatial regulation of cAMP is critical for faithful signal …

In previous years, several kinases, such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), mammalian
target of rapamycin (mTOR), and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), have been …

Obesity is often associated with aging. However, the mechanism of age-related obesity is
unknown. The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) mediates leptin-melanocortin anti-obesity …

WNT signaling is important in development, stem cell maintenance, and disease. WNT
ligands typically signal via receptor activation across the plasma membrane to induce β …

Mucociliary clearance, the physiological process by which mammalian conducting airways
expel pathogens and unwanted surface materials from the respiratory tract, depends on the …

Primary cilia function as critical signaling hubs whose absence leads to severe disorders
collectively known as ciliopathies; our knowledge of ciliogenesis remains limited. We show …

Primary cilia are microtubule-based, non-motile sensory organelles present in most types of
growth-arrested eukaryotic cells. They are transduction hubs that receive and transmit …

cAMP is a universal second messenger that relies on precise spatio-temporal regulation to
control varied, and often opposing, cellular functions. This is achieved via selective …

Bardet‐Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a ciliopathy characterized by retinal degeneration, obesity,
renal abnormalities, postaxial polydactyly, and developmental defects. Genes mutated in …

Compartmentalization of cellular signaling forms the molecular basis of cellular behavior.
The primary cilium constitutes a subcellular compartment that orchestrates signal …