Abstract The phenomenon of Bose-Einstein condensation of dilute gases in traps is
reviewed from a theoretical perspective. Mean-field theory provides a framework to …

The Fermi-Hubbard model is a key concept in condensed matter physics and provides
crucial insights into electronic and magnetic properties of materials. Yet, the intricate nature …

Substantial leaps in the understanding of quantum systems have been driven by exploring
geometry, topology, dimensionality and interactions in ultracold atomic ensembles,,,,–. A …

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses optical dipole traps for neutral atoms. Methods
for storage and trapping of charged and neutral particles have very often served as the …

The realization of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEe) in dilute atomic gases [1-5] achieved
several long-standing goals. First, neutral atoms were cooled into the lowest energy state …

Bose-Einstein condensates of sodium atoms have been confined in an optical dipole trap
using a single focused infrared laser beam. This eliminates the restrictions of magnetic traps …

Laser cooling exploits the physics of light scattering to cool atomic and molecular gases to
close to absolute zero. It is the crucial initial step for essentially all atomic gas experiments in …

Abstract Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) are macroscopic coherent matter waves that
have revolutionized quantum science and atomic physics. They are important to quantum …

We report narrow-line laser cooling and trapping of strontium atoms down to the photon
recoil temperature. 88 Sr atoms precooled by the broad S 0 1− P 1 1 transition at 461 nm …

The literature on the spectral analysis of second order elliptic differential operators contains
a great deal of information on the spectral functions for explicitly known spectra. The same is …