Rising partisan animosity is associated with a reduction in support for democracy and an
increase in support for political violence. Here we provide a multi-level review of …

We measure trends in affective polarization in twelve OECD countries over the past four
decades. According to our baseline estimates, the United States experienced the largest …

The spread of misinformation, including “fake news,” propaganda, and conspiracy theories,
represents a serious threat to society, as it has the potential to alter beliefs, behavior, and …

Contemporary political ills at the mass behavior level (eg, outgroup aggression, conspiracy
theories) are often attributed to increasing polarization and partisan tribalism. We theorize …

Affective polarization, or antipathy between the supporters of opposing political camps, is
documented to be on the rise in the United States and elsewhere. At the same time, there …

People's actions toward a competitive outgroup can be motivated not only by their
perceptions of the outgroup, but also by how they think the outgroup perceives the ingroup …

While many believe that affective polarisation poses a significant threat to democratic
stability, the definition and operationalisation of the concept varies greatly. This leads to …

Research indicates that affective polarization pervades contemporary democracies
worldwide. Although some studies identify party leaders as polarizing agents, affective …

American Rage argues that anger is the central emotion governing contemporary US
politics, with powerful, deleterious effects. Tracing the developments that have given rise to a …

We are witnessing increasing partisan polarization across the world. It is often argued that
partisan “echo chambers” are one of the drivers of both policy and affective polarization. In …